Analysis Of George Orwell s The Shooting An Elephant...

Real Motives Working for the British Empire, George Orwell knows â€Å"imperialism was an evil thing† from seeing those â€Å"dirty work† done by the Empire: â€Å"The wretched prisoners huddling in the stinking cages of the lock-ups, the grey, cowed faces of the long-term convicts, the scarred buttocks of the men who had been flogged with bamboos—all these oppressed me with an intolerable sense of guilt† (129). Orwell hates the Empire that he serves and thinks that â€Å"British Raj as an unbreakable tyranny†¦upon the will of prostrate people† (129); however, an elephant incidence in the province of British India he writes in the essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† made him to speculate about the â€Å"real nature of imperialism–the real motives for which despotic governments act† (129). Orwell notes the elephant was causing damage to the Burmese’s properties and even a death of a coolie with â€Å"an expression of unendurable agony† (130). Orwell decides to chase after the elephant with a rifle to protect the â€Å"Burmese population [which] had no weapons and were quite helpless against it† (130). Orwell knows with â€Å"perfect certainty that [he] ought not to shoot [the soothed elephant]† and yet â€Å"irresistibly† pressured by the â€Å"sea of yellow faces†¦ all certain that the elephant was going to be shot†, he realizes â€Å"[he] should have to shoot the elephant after all† (131). Orwell comes to realize that the white man â€Å"seemingly the leading actor of the [natives]†¦[is] only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the willShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1272 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of George Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† George Orwell, a journalist and an author of 1903 through 1950, is not only the author of â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† but surprisingly, he is also the narrator and the main character. Orwell’s narrative essay of 1936 takes place in squalid, British-occupied Moulmein, lower Burma. To begin, in the opening of his piece, Orwell describes himself as a young, British police officer who, ironically, despises the British imperial project in BurmaRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Orwell Shooting An Elephant 1189 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant†: Effect of Imperialism in Burma Imperialism is a state of mind, fueled by the arrogance of superiority that could be adopted by any nation irrespective of its geographical location in the world. 1. Evidence of the existence of empires dates back to the dawn of written history in Egypt and in Mesopotamia, where local leaders extended their realms by conquering other states and holding them, when possible, in a state of subjection and semiRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1010 Words   |  5 Pagesforced to make can have long-lasting effects on them.†¯In Shooting an Elephant, by George Orwell, the author goes back to a situation in his life when he was a young adult where he had to make a choice between evil deeds. Many years later, the decision still haunted him. It takes place back when Orwell was a British police officer in Burma. He reevaluates his situation in life when he encounters a moral dilemma; to kill or save an elephant. Orwell is a confused and unhappy young policeman who lives inRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1265 Words   |  6 Pages  Shooting an Elephant is an essay by George Orwell, first published in the literary magazine New Writing in the autumn of 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on October 12, 1948. The essay describes the experience of the English narrator, possibly Orwell himself, called upon to shoot an aggressive elephant while working as a police officer in Burma. Because the locals expect him to do the job, he does so against his better judgment, his anguish increased by the elephant s slow and painfulRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 951 Words   |  4 Pagesthe iron first, does not necessarily rule. In George Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting An Elephant,† the narrator clearly illustrates that power, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. He implicates that power is an illusion of the oppress, and instead held by the oppressed, which ultimately renders the holder impotent. â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is the story of Orwell’s experience as an officer of the Imperial British government during a stint in Burma. Orwell constructs a parallel between the devastation ofRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 989 Words   |  4 PagesPride{1} Unanticipated choices one is forced to make can have long-lasting effects.{2} In Shooting an Elephant, by George Orwell, the author recounts an event from his life when he was about twenty years old during which he had to choose the lesser of two evils. Many years later, the episode seems to still haunt him. The story takes place at some time during the five unhappy years Orwell spends as a British police officer in Burma. He detests his situation in life, and when he is facedRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1233 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Shooting an Elephant† â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is about the guilt of British colonialism that George Orwell faces as a sub-divisional police officer. Based on his experiences, he has seen the real wickedness of imperialism. In â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, Orwell displays the evil of imperialism as harsh, belligerent, and provoking. First, Orwell encounters the harshness of imperialism. Furthermore, Orwell says, â€Å" the sneering yellow faces of young men†¦ the insults hooted me when I was at a safe distanceRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 854 Words   |  4 PagesSociety is what pushed the narrator in George Orwell’s â€Å"shooting an elephant† to shoot the elephant. He should have not followed society and formed his own individual opinion. â€Å"I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking like a fool† (Orwell 139). He was more preoccupied with what the natives thought of him then doing what was morally correct. He did not do what was ethically correct and just leave the elephant alone and wait for the owner. The societalRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 953 Words   |  4 PagesThe area of focus I chose was a work from the Innocence and Experience chapter. The work of fiction that I chose to analyze is â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† by George Orwell. The main question is whether what he did in the story was ethical. This story is about the inner fight between right and wrong, â€Å"if I do this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"if I do that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"what if I don’t do anything?† Bottom line is you’re damned if you do, and damned if you don’t. We all do this in some form or fashion, we all have that inner voice tellingRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1232 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 1301 02 December 2014 Shooting an Elephant In George Orwell’s essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, Orwell recites a personal experience in which he shoots and kills an elephant while working as a British police officer in the British colony of Burma. While his actions were legally justifiable, Orwell describes his feelings of guilt for his true intentions and rationale for the killing, which he admits to himself as unnecessary and unjust. In slaying the elephant Orwell acts contrary to his own fundamental

Obamacare And Affordable Care Act - 997 Words

Case White Professor Eastman English 1020 29 January 2015 Obamacare’s Healthier America Health care has been a controversial topic of discussion for all Americans since it was put in effect many years ago. Currently the biggest debate of Healthcare up to date is Obama’s Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, is a Health care Reform that is a governmental attempt to make basic health care easily obtainable. However, there are no benefits without cost in situations like this, and upon that are different viewpoints on the subject thus creating political debates discussing if it is ethically correct. The overall goal that Obamacare hopes to accomplish is that through specific changes through insurance companies, industry standards, and patient guarantees a healthier America will be produced. Obamacare has its ups and downs for both the generally agreeing democratic viewpoints and the opposing republican side. Both viewpoints have their own beliefs about how Health care works and Obamacare is somewhat in between on this. Most arguments on Obamacare deal with Medicaid being constitutional and if Obamacare truly reduces the total cost of health care for individuals and in the government. The valid arguments contained in Obamacare consist of the views from the political sides of republican and democratic. Democrats believe that Healthcare should be a guarantee and accessible to everyone including those who can’t afford it introducing subsidies that useShow MoreRelatedObamacare And Affordable Care Act930 Words   |  4 Pagesfunctions. Obama’s Health Care Reform, better known as ObamaCare was signed into law on March 23, 2010. It is officially called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) or Affordable Care Act (ACA). This act is meant to provide affordable, good quality health care to all Americans and to cut health care spending. The ACA has been on ongoing struggle to reform the health care system. Almost 50 million Americans still lack health coverage despite the fact that ObamaCare continues to help provideRead MoreObamacare : The Affordable Care Act1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as Obamacare, was passed in March 2010. This over-1000-page Act implements a number of reforms designed to increase the availability of health care for individuals. The Act created a Health Insurance Marketplace, a universal way to sign up for subsidized health care plans (which are cheaper), though you can only get certain plans from certain places, including an expanded Med icaid. It also creates an incentive to purchase health insurance-if you don t, youRead MoreObamacare And The Affordable Care Act1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act was created to make an attempt to reduce the amount we pay for healthcare. â€Å"Healthcare premiums were too expensive for many families to afford,† is a common issue among citizens today, and we have come to the conclusion that Obamacare can help reduce that amount. Ever since this has been put in place, many Americans deny this, but it says that even if you aren’t 100 percent healthy it will still cover you, unlike regular healthcare premiums opposed that. Another benefit thatRead MoreObamacare And Affordable Care Act Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act expanded the 1965 bill passed under President Johnson that created Medicare and Medicaid (â€Å"LBJ Presidential Library,† 2015). While the Affordable Care Act, or â€Å"Obamacare† as it h as been dubbed by the media, has many components, the focus here is the expansion of Medicaid. Obamacare sought to expand Medicaid to cover those who earn too much to qualify for traditional Medicaid, but not enough to afford employer-provided health care. These people are said toRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act: Obamacare1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act, often referred to as the ObamaCare was signed into law on March 23, 2010. It has created a lot of controversy since its debut. The Healthcare reform will affect all Americans. The issue has many Americans believing it is a great thing for our country while others believe it is a terrible idea and then of course there are those who don’t know what to think. By Jan 1, 2014 Americans will be required to purchase a health care policy or will have to pay a penalty. Ready or notRead MoreObamacare And Affordable Care Act928 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States, Barack Obama, signed into law the Patient Protection a nd Affordable Care Act (PPACA), which is commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or familiarly the Obamacare (What is ObamaCare). President Obama created ACA to make health care more affordable and accessible for people in the United States. The Affordable Care Act guarantees most people will have health insurances as well as reduces the high cost of health care of individual and government. These are also two points that the ACARead MoreObamacare : The Affordable Care Act1507 Words   |  7 Pageshealth care coverage for all; and that is called The Affordable Care Act ( ACA)1 or also known as Obamacare. This program provides standardized medical expenses/procedures to be made and allows everyone -- who is eligible -- to have coverage. However, I think that we need to take in account how Obamacare is negatively impacting the lower class, middle class, and upper class; therefore, we should remove it. This law became effective on March 23, 2010 (Key Features of The Affordable C are Act). ObamacareRead MoreObamacare And The Affordable Care Act1061 Words   |  5 Pages The Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare or ACA, is the health reform law enacted in 2010 by Congress. The official name of this reform is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Many provisions of the law are already in effect and the rest are going to continue to develop until 2022. After a year of intense political wrangling, the health reform initiative was passed by Congress. Even though it falls short of providing universal coverage, it is unlike the Clinton proposal. TheRead MoreObamacare Or Affordable Care Act893 Words   |  4 PagesObamacare or Affordable care act (ACA) refers to the healthcare act introduced by President Obama in 2010 and represents one of the significant healthcare reforms since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The primary purpose of the reform was to increase the quality and affordability of health insurance, expand the reach of insurance, and reduce the costs of healthcare for both individuals and government. First, we will analyze the merits and disadvantages of Obamacare – PROS 1. CurrentlyRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Obamacare )1604 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) into law in 2010, it has been met by criticism from many people from many different ideologies. Although the law held promise for allowing all individuals to afford healthcare and all of its benefits, that is not to say it does not have its downsides. Since passing, both the conservative and democratic parties have found reasons to dislike the law. This essay will include a description of the law itself, criticisms from the two parties

Arguments in Favour of Single-Sex Schools Free Essays

The subject on individual sex schools has drawn broad and different sentiments in the public sphere for a long clip. Persons, groups, establishments and governments have so far presented different ideas sing the subject. By definition, the phrase, â€Å"single sex school† means a signifier of a school where by male childs and misss attend different schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Arguments in Favour of Single-Sex Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now To be precise, individual schools implies, misss go toing a school that is specifically for misss while male childs go toing a schools that is specifically for male childs. Therefore, individual school unlike the conventional or instead traditional schools ( assorted schools ) is an political orientation that even though has been in existed for a long clip, some people in the community feels it is a good thought that need to be embraced. Meanwhile, there are some people excessively who feel that misss and male childs should larn together in the same school as it will assist them develop together as one. Regardless of the many ideas that have been presented opposing the position, individual sex schools when implemented, they are good for instruction. One of the grounds why individual sex schools are good for instruction is that ; they create a feeling of safety, encourages pupils to encompass their life style every bit good as detering any signifier of distraction in the class of prosecuting their dreams through instruction. There are a figure of pupils whose instruction has been affected due deficiency of concentration in category. This is because some pupils find it so difficult to concentrate when they are in a conventional category. This is a job that is really common with male childs as opposed to misss. Boys tend to lose focal point in a category of assorted gender because they will be seeking to move different in order to pull their female category couples. Worse still, it is truly difficult for male childs to concentrate on larning while there are a watercourse of cunning ladies to look up to in the same category. However, it is of import to observe besides that, this job does non impact all male childs but so the per cen tum of male childs who get distracted from larning because of beautiful misss in category is higher as opposed to the per centum that does non acquire affected ( The Many Advantages of Single-Sex Schools, n.p ) . Meanwhile, there are a figure of misss who get affected excessively when in a conventional school. This arises on affairs refering safety. Psychologically, immature misss fear being touched physically. This creates fear among them and as such they are non in a place of set abouting their surveies in a normal manner. On the other manus, female pupils will experience free and safe if they are enrolled in a female school where by they are meeting fellow misss. This creates assurance and therefore s encouragements their academic public presentation, a clear indicant that same sex schools are good for instruction. On top of that, it is besides factual that both male childs and misss develop different in the procedure of turning up. This is apparent given the fact that, misss dev elop quicker every bit compared to boys. Furthermore, the believing capacity of ladies grows exponential faster as opposed to that of male childs. This indicates that the demands of misss are to some extent different from that of male childs. Therefore, there is demand to promote individual sex schools that will assist misss and male childs understand the demands of their bodies’ good which finally can be translated to good public presentation ( Single-Gender Classes, n.p ) . Harmonizing to Gilbert ( par. 5 and 6 ) , the instruction system has been stormed by females as opposed to males. Gilbert presents his determination that, the figure of female decision makers in most schools is higher as compared to males in many schools. He besides states that, the figure of female instructors in assorted schools is higher than those of male instructors. Gilbert besides observes that, female pupils have the ability to detect their emotions good as opposed to pupils. On top of that misss are besides known to be better readers as opposed to male childs. Worse still, the current instruction system tend to stress more on cooperation. This leaves male childs stranded in their surveies, because they prefer more physical actions and competition. In fact, Gilbert asserts that, this type of system favours misss who excel while the public presentation of male childs keep on deteriorating. In his decision, Gilbert therefore argues that, assorted schools merely favours misss as opposed to male childs. In his justification, he asserts that, coeducational schools affects male childs in that they lose attending in acquisition, every bit good as stoping up enduring from developmental upsets. Therefore, Gilbert suggests that, the best manner to advance equality in instruction for both male childs and misss is to follow scorch sex schools given that coeducational schools tend to prefer misss as opposed to male childs. Another position as to why individual sex schools are good for instruction as opposed to coeducational schools is from the point of instructors. Given that the behaviour and demands of both male childs and misss are different, teachers’ public presentation is besides affected in the procedure of bringing in category. This sis because, there is no uniformity in footings of nearing different issues in the same category. As such, a instructor must handle a boy different every bit good as a miss in a alone manner excessively. This affects teachers’ preciseness. However, encompassing scorch sex schools, instructors will be able to associate their instructions methodological analysis to the behaviour of their pupils and therefore good for instruction ( The Many Advantages of Single-Sex Schools, n.p ) . Meanwhile, an environment plays a great function in pupil public presentation. A favourable acquisition environment contributes to high public presentation of pupils as opposed to an unfavourable environment. A relaxed environment is good for a acquisition set up as opposed to a helter-skelter environment. This works for both male childs and misss. However, one thing that need to be clear is that in coeducational schools, male childs and misss try every bit much as possible to affect one another. In so making they feel fixed in that they are supposed to move in a mode that attracts one another. In the procedure, a miss or a male child may fear inquiring a inquiry because she/he may believe it will non affect their opposite sex opposite numbers. This affects the pupils in showing themselves openly and if continues for a long clip, it becomes a wont that can non and will ne’er be erased. Actually it becomes portion of their life and accompanies them in the remainder of their unrecorded. In comparing to individual sex schools, pupils have cipher to affect and as such, they fear less in inquiring inquiries, that is an of import component in larning. Fu rthermore, the ability to prosecute with others without experiencing intimidated by the gender of the opposite sex flicker arguments and conversation that enhances instruction in a positive mode ( Kennedy, n.p ) . Indeed, instruction is one of import gift to both male childs and misss. It is through instruction that male childs and misss can be able to accomplish their assorted dreams in life. Therefore, there is demand to accommodate a theoretical account that works for both of them. Over clip, there has been a argument as to whether individual sex schools improve pupil public presentation. This argument has drawn a batch of positions from the pupils themselves, parents/guardians, instructors, human support groups every bit good as the legal authorization. Even though there are opposing positions refering the encouragement of individual sex schools on the premiss that ; they tend to divide misss and male childs doing them fear one another and therefore taking to isolation every bit good as lending to high degree of divorce in the long tally, individual sex schools are good for instruction for assorted ground. One of them is that they encourage a feeling of safety, promotes a feeling of safety every bit good as avoiding any signifier of distractions. Another ground is the fact that boys and misss develop otherwise every bit good the undeniable truth that schools are stormed by females as opposed to males, which makes male childs uncomfortable. On top of that, instructors are besides more productive in individual sex schools as opposed to coeducational schools due to uniformity. Furthermore, individual sex schools enables pupils to prosecute in arguments and conversation without any signifier of gender based bullying. Plants Cited Gilbert, Michael. â€Å" Single-sex Schools Help Children Thrive. †The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor. Web. 4 May 2015. Kennedy, Robert. â€Å" What Are the Advantages of Single Sex Education? † Web. 4 May 2015. â€Å" Single-Gender Classs: Are They Better? †Education World:. Web. 4 May 2015. â€Å" The Many Advantages of Single-Sex Schools. †CRC Health Group. Web. 4 May 2015. How to cite Arguments in Favour of Single-Sex Schools, Essay examples

Music Retailing in India free essay sample

Promoting the Outlets Introduction The music industry or music business consists of the companies and individuals that make money by creating and selling music. Among the many individuals and organizations that operate within the industry are: the musicians who compose and perform the music; the companies and professionals who create and sell recorded music (e. . Music publishers, producers, recording studios, engineers, record labels, retail and online music stores, performance rights organizational; those that present live music performances (booking agents, promoters, music venues. Road crew); professionals who assist musicians with their music careers (talent managers, business managers, entertainment lawyers); those who broadcast music (satellite, internet and broadcast radio); journalists; educators; musical instrument manufacturers; as well as many others.Organized retailing, In India, refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed tillers, that Is, those who are registered for sales tax, Income tax, etc. These Include the publicly traded supermarkets, corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. Organized retailing was absent in most rural and small towns of India in 2010. Supermarkets and similar organized retail accounted for Just 4% of the market Unrecognized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low- cost retailing, for example, the local corner shops, owner manned general stores, pan/ebbed shops, convenience stores, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc. Companies Controlling Market A large majority of this market for recorded music is controlled by three major corporate labels: the French-owned Universal Music Group, the Japanese-owned Sony Music Entertainment, and the us-owned Warner Music Group.The largest portion of the live music market Is controlled by Live Nation, the largest promoter and music venue owner. Live Nation Is a former subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications, Agency is a large a management and booking company. The music industry has been undergoing drastic changes since the advent of Madders digital distribution of music. A conspicuous indicator of this is total music sales: since 2000, sales of rec orded music have dropped off substantially while live music has increased in importance. The largest music retailer in the world is now digital: Apple Inc. S tunes Store. The 2 largest companies in the industry are Universal Music Group (recording) and Sony/TV Music Publishing (publisher). Indians Largest Music Retail Chain Music World, part of the RPG group of enterprises, is Indians largest music retail chain. The group has over 79 outlets across India. It provides consumers with an unparalleled range of music and movies, across International, Hindi and Regional repertoires. Music World started its operations in November 1997 with its first store in Achaean. A year later it opened its second store in Cochin. Today, Music World has presence in 45 cities in India, commanding a market share of 20- 25% in most markets where it is present. Its presence ranges from metros to tier II towns to rural markets like Vidalia Shore. More than 5 million consumers walk through Music World stores annually. A majority of the trade in the RSI 15 billion (1999-2000) Indian music market took place through the small outlets. Promoting The Outlets Celebrity visits were made an integral part of Musicologys promotional activities. Not long after Archons visit, Musicologys Kola outlet had another celebrity visitor the popular pop singer Shaman.This attracted a lot of attention towards the outlet as Nell as towards Shamans recently released album. .. Issues such as piracy of cassettes and CDC were a major problem, which prevented the industry from reaching its full growth potential. Given these circumstances, the establishment of outfits such as Musically seemed to have come as a welcome development in the industry. There are three types of property that are created and sold by the recording industry: compositions, recordings and media (such as CDC or Amps).There may be many recordings of a single composition and a single recording will typically be distributed into many media. Compositions are created by songwriters or composers and are originally owned by the composer, although they may be sold. For example, in the case of work for hire, the composition is owned immediately by another party. Traditionally, the copyright owner licenses or assigns some of their rights (e. G. Distribution and sales) o publishing companies, by means of a publishing contract. The publishing company collects fees (known as publishing royalties) when the composition is used.A portion of the royalties are paid by the publishing company to the copyright owner, depending on the terms of the contract. Sheet music provides an income stream that IS paid exclusively to the composers and their publishing company. Typically the publishing company will provide the owner with an advance against future earnings hen the publishing contract is signed. A publishing company will also promote the impositions, such as by acquiring song placements on television or in films. Recordings are (traditionally) owned by record companies.A recording contract specifies the business relationship between a recording artist and the record company. In a traditional contract, the company provides an advance to the artist department of a record company is responsible for finding new talent and overseeing the recording process. The company pays for the recording costs and the cost of promoting and marketing the record. For physical media (such as CDC), the company also pays to manufacture and distribute the physical recordings. Smaller record companies will form business relationships with other companies to handle many of these tasks.The record company pays the recording artist a portion of the income from the sale of the recordings, generally known as a mechanical royalty. This portion is similar to a percentage, but may be limited or expanded by a number of factors such as free goods, recordable expenses, bonuses, etc. ) that are specified by the record contract. Session musicians and orchestra members are under contract to provide work for hire; theyre typically only paid one-time fees or regular wages for heir services, rather than royalties.Physical media (such as CDC) are sold by music retailers and are owned by the consumer. A music distributor delivers the physical media from the manufacturer to the retailer and maintains relationships with retailers and record companies. The music retailer pays the distributor, who in turn pays the record company for the recordings. The record company pays mechanical royalties to the publisher, composer, and songwriter via a collection society. The record company then pays royalties, if contractually obligated, to the recording artist.